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BUTTERFLY, BUTTERFLY
Butterfly Butterfly so gracefully you fly,
It is the iridescent color of your wings that catch my eye.
Another butterfly joins us, flirting until you mate,
A magical dance you perform as I watch and wait.
Next, you pause in my garden laying an egg,
Then you tease me by flying through my legs
Off you fly on your separate way,
And I hope you will return another day
. Butterfly Butterfly please come back,
For your presence in my garden is what I lack.
REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION FROM
Sue Allie (Milwaukee, WI)
LARVAL CAGES
      Although there are many types of containers that may be used for rearing the larvae, I have found the following to be most successful.
LARGE CAGES
      These are used not only for rearing large numbers of larvae but also as flight cages for the adults. My cages measure 2'x2'x3'. The frame of the cage is covered on four sides by glass screen, leaving the top and bottom of the cage open. Being open at the bottom the cage can be placed over a cluster of milkweed plants. When rearing is carried out indoors, the cage can be placed over sheets of paper, thus allowing for easy removal of larval droppings. A piece of plywood, or stiff cardboard if used indoors, is placed over the open top; this allows one to introduce fresh milkweed plants and remove the old ones. Having a removable top also facilitates collecting suspended pupae.
SMALL TIERED CAGES
      Smaller cages-mine measure (20"x8"x12")-are constructed in the same manner as the flight cages and can be placed one on top of the other. This allows for expansion of space when needed and for the removal of the adults that, on emerging from the pupae, tend to fly to the top of the cage, which can then be removed.
AQUARIA AND JARS
      For observational purposes, especially for class demonstrations, aquaria and large glass jars have been used successfully. The difficulty in using such containers is that of removing the old plants and introducing fresh material, as well as the difficulty of removing the droppings. Usually, larvae can be transferred to clean jars and the dirty ones cleaned for the next transfer.
Reprinted with permission from the book, The Monarch Butterfly-International Traveler;
by Professor Fred Urquhart
Next month: "BUTTERFLY CAGES"
HOW DOES THE TEMPERATURE AFFECT TIME IN THE PUPA STAGE
      You may have observed that some caterpillars develop more quickly than others, or that some adults emerge from their pupae in fewer days than others. This is often due to differing temperatures in the classrooms. Development time is strongly affected by temperature; for example, caterpillars will develop more quickly in warmer conditions. On the other hand, you can actually slow development down by cooling the monarch, within certain limits. It is okay to refrigerate eggs, caterpillars and pupae for a few days, simulating what might occur on a cool fall night.
REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION FROM KAREN OBERHAUSER
University of Minnesota, Dept. of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior
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